kmvodys 发表于 2013-8-3 00:02:33

Linux(基于CentOS 5.x 64bit的 LAMP)服务器部署标准

一、系统约定

软件源代码包存放位置
/usr/local/src

源码包编译安装位置(prefix)
       
/usr/local/Comsenz/software_name

脚本以及维护程序存放位置

/usr/local/Comsenz/sbin

MySQL 数据库位置
       
/data/mysql(可按情况设置)

Apache 网站根目录
       
/data/wwwroot(可按情况设置)

Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录

/data/wwwroot/logs(可按情况设置)

Apache 运行账户
       
www:www

二、系统环境初始化

1. 检查系统是否正常

more /var/log/messages(检查有无系统级错误信息)
dmesg (检查硬件设备是否有错误信息)
cat /proc/cpuinfo (检查CPU频率是否正常)
top (按1检测CPU核数是否正常,内存大小是否正常)
ifconfig(检查网卡设置是否正确)
ping www.163.com(检查网络是否正常)

2. 关闭不需要的服务

ntsysv

以下仅列出需要启动的服务,未列出的服务一律推荐关闭:

    atd
    crond
    irqbalance
    microcode_ctl
    network
    sendmail
    sshd
    syslog


关闭SElinux:修改/etc/selinux/config文件中的SELINUX= 为 disabled

3.更换快速源

    mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.old

    cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

    wget https://c.sihost.net/CentOS-Base-sohu.repo

    mv CentOS-Base-sohu.repo CentOS-Base.repo

    yum clean

    yum -y update

    lsb_release -a

    yum -y erase mysql

    yum -y erase php

    yum -y erase httpd


4. 使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包(以下为标准的 RPM 包名称)

yum -y install ntp make openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel libpng libpng-devel libtiff-devel libjpeg-6b libjpeg-devel-6b freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel fontconfig-devel zlib zlib-devel libevent-devel gcc gcc-c++ flex bison bzip2-devel libXpm libXpm-devel ncurses ncurses-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel imake autoconf automake screen sysstat compat-libstdc++-33 curl curl-devel

5. 定时校正服务器时钟,定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步

crontab -e

加入一行:

*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1


6.下载程序包
请到各程序官方网站下载最新的稳定版本存放到/usr/local/src/目录

Apache
推荐稳定版 2.2.21

https://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/

PHP
推荐稳定版5.2.17

https://cn.php.net/downloads.php

Mysql
推荐稳定版5.5.20

https://www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

文中的配置文件和脚本限于篇幅,请到以下地址下载(仅支持linux下使用wget下载)

Apache控制脚本

https://c.sihost.net/jb/httpd

Apache配置文件

https://c.sihost.net/jb/httpd.conf

以上列出的程序最新推荐版下载列表

https://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list

在 /usr/local/src目录下执行

wget https://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list
wget -i lamp_tools.list

7. 创建web运行用户

groupadd www
useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data/wwwroot
chmod +w /data/wwwroot
chown www:www /data/wwwroot -R

8. 重新启动

init 6

三、编译安装环境

1. 安装MySQL

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz

cd cmake-2.8.5/

./configure

gmake &&gmake install

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.20

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/Comsenz/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

make && make install

cd /usr/local/Comsenz/mysql

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on


编辑/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
找到

basedir=
datadir=

复制代码
改成

basedir=/usr/local/Comsenz/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql

然后

mkdir -p /usr/local/Comsenz/etc
cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /usr/local/Comsenz/etc/my.cnf

编辑/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/my.cnf

在 段增加

datadir = /data/mysql
wait-timeout = 10
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 10000000
local-infile=0

在 段修改

max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_cache_size = CPU个数*2

将 log-bin 注释

mv /usr/local/Comsenz/mysql/data/* /data/mysql
service mysqld start
bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'admin999'

其中admin999是要设置的root密码

2.编译安装Apache

cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf httpd-2.2.21.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.21
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Comsenz/apache --enable-module=rewrite --disable-access --disable-auth --disable-charset-lite --disable-include --disable-log-config --disable-env --disable-setenvif --disable-mime --disable-status --disable-autoindex --disable-asis --disable-cgid --disable-cgi --disable-negotiation --disable-dir --disable-actions --disable-userdir --disable-alias --enable-so --enable-mods-shared='access auth auth_anon auth_dbm auth_digest dav dav_fs actions alias asis autoindex cache cern_meta cgi charset_lite deflate dir disk_cache env expires file_cache headers include info log_config logio mime mime_magic negotiation rewrite setenvif speling status unique_id userdir usertrack vhost_alias'

make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/
mv /usr/local/Comsenz/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/Comsenz/apache/conf/httpd.conf.old
cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd.conf /usr/local/Comsenz/apache/conf/httpd.conf
cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd /etc/init.d/httpd
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/httpd
chkconfig --add httpd
chkconfig httpd on

3. 编译安装PHP 所需的支持库

tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure
make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/

64bit系统执行下面的:
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib64/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib64/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib64/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib64/libiconv.so.2

32bit系统执行下面的:
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib/libiconv.so.2

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8

/sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make && make install

4. 编译安装PHP

cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf php-5.2.17.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.17
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Comsenz/php5 --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/Comsenz/etc --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-png-dir=/usr --enable-magic-quotes --with-mysql=/usr/local/Comsenz/mysql --with-pear --enable-sockets --with-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/usr --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-zlib --enable-sysvsem --enable-exif --enable-sysvshm --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-apxs2=/usr/local/Comsenz/apache/bin/apxs --with-iconv=/usr/local/libiconv --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-xmlrpc --enable-xml --enable-shmop --enable-zip --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --enable-discard-path --enable-bcmath --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --with-openssl

make &&make install
./libtool --finish /usr/local/src/php-5.2.17/libs
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/Comsenz/etc/php.ini
echo 'ulimit -SHn 65535' >> /etc/rc.local

5. 安装PHP扩展模块(需要此功能的Discuz! X用户选装)

APC

cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf APC-3.1.9.tgz
cd APC-3.1.9
/usr/local/Comsenz/php5/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-apc --enable-mmap --enable-apc-spinlocks --disable-apc-pthreadmutex --with-php-config=/usr/local/Comsenz/php5/bin/php-config
make &&make install


编辑/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/php.ini
查找

extension_dir =

在下面一行添加

extension_dir = "/usr/local/Comsenz/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
extension="apc.so"
apc.enabled = 1
apc.shm_size = 64M
apc.stat = 1

保存

6. 查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升 PHP 安全性

保存以下内容为info.php到/data/www/,检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。

<?
phpinfo();
?>

确认 PHP 能够正常工作后,编辑/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/php.ini进行设置提升PHP安全性。
查找

disable_functions =

修改成

disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,shell_exec,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,leak,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,popen


然后

service httpd restart

严格按照如上步骤操作,菜鸟也不会有太大问题,如有不解,跟帖提问,随时欢迎高手指正,把此教程做成菜鸟能看懂,复制粘贴搞出来的环境能正常运行的好教程。

发表于 2021-3-11 05:40:56

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