日志
Nginx源码编译安装与负载均衡配置实践
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参考文档：
http://blog.s135.com/post/306/
http://wangyan.org/blog/install-nginx-from-source.html
安装与配置实践：
1. 安装pcre库，使Nginx支持正则表达式
# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz
注：不需要执行编译和安装过程（系统通常已经安装有较低版本的RPM包），因此仅作为编译Nginx时的引用。
2. 安装zlib库
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib/1.2.6/zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz/download
tar -xzvf zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz
注：不需要执行编译和安装过程（系统通常已经安装有较低版本的RPM包），因此仅作为编译Nginx时的引用。
3. 编译安装Nginx
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.1.9.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf nginx-1.1.9.tar.gz
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/tmp
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/run
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/lock
# useradd nginx
# cd nginx-1.1.9
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--pid-path=/opt/nginx/run/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/opt/nginx/lock/nginx.lock \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-mail \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.30 \
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.6 \
--with-debug \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/fastcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/scgi
参数详解：
--prefix #nginx安装目录，默认在/usr/local/nginx
--user=nginx #运行nginx的用户
--group=nginx #运行nginx的用户组
--pid-path #pid问件位置，默认在logs目录
--lock-path #lock问件位置，默认在logs目录
--with-http_ssl_module #开启HTTP SSL模块，以支持HTTPS请求。
--with-http_dav_module #开启WebDAV扩展动作模块，可为文件和目录指定权限
--with-http_flv_module #支持对FLV文件的拖动播放
--with-http_realip_module #支持显示真实来源IP地址
--with-http_gzip_static_module #预压缩文件传前检查，防止文件被重复压缩
--with-http_stub_status_module #取得一些nginx的运行状态
--with-mail #允许POP3/IMAP4/SMTP代理模块
--with-mail_ssl_module #允许POP3／IMAP／SMTP可以使用SSL／TLS
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.11 #指定未安装的pcre路径
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.5 #注意是未安装的zlib路径
--with-debug #允许调试日志
--http-client-body-temp-path #客户端请求临时文件路径
--http-proxy-temp-path #设置http proxy临时文件路径
--http-fastcgi-temp-path #设置http fastcgi临时文件路径
--http-uwsgi-temp-path #设置uwsgi 临时文件路径
--http-scgi-temp-path #设置scgi 临时文件路径
# make && make install
安装完成后会看到以下信息：
---
Configuration summary
+ using PCRE library: ../pcre-8.30
+ using system OpenSSL library
+ md5: using OpenSSL library
+ sha1: using OpenSSL library
+ using zlib library: ../zlib-1.2.6
nginx path prefix: "/opt/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx configuration prefix: "/opt/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/opt/nginx/run/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/client"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/proxy"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/fastcgi"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/uwsgi"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/scgi"
---
4. 配置Nginx服务脚本
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/init.d
# vim /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx
001 #!/bin/sh
002 #
003 # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
004 #
005 # chkconfig: - 85 15
006 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
007 # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
008 # processname: nginx
009 # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
010 # pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
011
012 # Source function library.
013 . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
014
015 # Source networking configuration.
016 . /etc/sysconfig/network
017
018 # Check that networking is up.
019 [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
020
021 nginx="/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"
022 prog=$(basename $nginx)
023
024 NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
025
026 lockfile=/opt/nginx/lock/nginx.lock
027
028 start() {
029 [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
030 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
031 echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
032 daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
033 retval=$?
034 echo
035 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
036 return $retval
037 }
038
039 stop() {
040 echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
041 killproc $prog -QUIT
042 retval=$?
043 echo
044 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
045 return $retval
046 }
047
048 restart() {
049 configtest || return $?
050 stop
051 start
052 }
053
054 reload() {
055 configtest || return $?
056 echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
057 killproc $nginx -HUP
058 RETVAL=$?
059 echo
060 }
061
062 force_reload() {
063 restart
064 }
065
066 configtest() {
067 $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
068 }
069
070 rh_status() {
071 status $prog
072 }
073
074 rh_status_q() {
075 rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
076 }
077
078 case "$1" in
079 start)
080 rh_status_q && exit 0
081 $1
082 ;;
083 stop)
084 rh_status_q || exit 0
085 $1
086 ;;
087 restart|configtest)
088 $1
089 ;;
090 reload)
091 rh_status_q || exit 7
092 $1
093 ;;
094 force-reload)
095 force_reload
096 ;;
097 status)
098 rh_status
099 ;;
100 condrestart|try-restart)
101 rh_status_q || exit 0
102 ;;
103 *)
104 echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
105 exit 2
106 esac
# chmod +x /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx
这样，就可以通过以下方式来管理Nginx服务：
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx stop
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx restart
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx reload
5. Nignx负载均衡配置
# cd /opt/nginx/conf/
# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
# vim /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
01 user nginx nginx;
03 worker_processes 10;
05 error_log logs/error.log;
07 worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
10 {
11 use epoll;
12 worker_connections 51200;
13 }
14
15 http
16 {
17 include mime.types;
18 default_type application/octet-stream;
19
20 keepalive_timeout 120;
21
22 tcp_nodelay on;
23
24 upstream 192.168.203.133 {
25 #ip_hash;
26 server 192.168.203.134:80;
27 server 192.168.203.135:80;
28 server 192.168.203.136:80;
29 server 192.168.203.137:80;
30 }
31
32 server
33 {
34 listen 80;
35 server_name 192.168.203.133;
36
37 location / {
38 proxy_pass http://192.168.203.133;
39 proxy_set_header Host $host;
40 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
41 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
42 }
43
44 log_format 192_168_203_133 '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
45 '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
46 '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
47 access_log /opt/nginx/logs/cluster.log 192_168_203_133;
48 }
49 }
启动Nginx服务
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start
通过浏览器直接访问http://192.168.203.133，可以发现，在多次刷新之后，请求会随机分配到后端的Web服务器上。
