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% c5 q! k% ~# d2 b7 M5 J◎译 名 大白鲨
' O) b. f6 [& \, H. g/ V◎片 名 Jaws+ [+ {3 X, ` g; ?7 B4 X
◎年 代 1975
6 O8 g4 h. R" s3 g◎国 家 美国 6 e5 S7 c4 |+ G. d" {3 P
◎类 别 惊悚9 _0 s0 t2 l1 G* P6 @) b* o' g
◎语 言 英语/国语
, b3 f: b. |* H( C" j$ x◎IMDB评分 8.2/10 (204,684 votes) IMDb Top250 #137
1 `' \8 {$ J5 U+ G◎IMDB链接 https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0073195
) L, I3 g& l8 t, G; T) n- x◎片 长 124 Mins
- r, o+ R8 Q( `! s, D◎导 演 史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格 Steven Spielberg
' a6 N P( H/ o8 V" u1 f8 p2 n◎主 演 罗伊·施奈德 Roy Scheider ....Police Chief Martin Brody, ~, ]% ^0 W: _8 _, @/ x4 `* f2 E
罗伯特·肖 Robert Shaw ....Quint8 j9 g" v/ k: k1 S
理查德·德莱福斯 Richard Dreyfuss ....Matt Hooper
: K* X% L" g* T9 } 乔纳森·费尔雷 Jonathan Filley ....Tom Cassidy ^6 Z1 V- G- S$ x. z4 B9 c) T
史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格 Steven Spielberg ....Amity Point Lifestation Worker (voice) (uncredited)$ K6 C, R d' Z" G
洛兰·加里 Lorraine Gary ....Ellen Brody/ r! J3 G$ R! `) u) o# r
Murray Hamilton ....Mayor Larry Vaughn
7 B4 U, Z# t) z; v, \" j. r 卡尔·哥特列布 Carl Gottlieb ....Ben Meadows
- P5 Q) {8 H/ T: c% ~- U' [ Jeffrey Kramer ....Deputy Leonard Lenny Hendricks (as Jeffrey C. Kramer)8 i* | s# s8 q
Susan Backlinie ....Christine Chrissie Watkins
; q: ^" h3 @7 r! o( p! ~" X5 I Chris Rebello ....Michael Mike Brody
0 ^7 i# |5 G, _( X0 F' C Jay Mello ....Sean Brody
& [+ D2 s# ]: Q! q' u7 o1 g/ S. c Lee Fierro ....Mrs. Kintner$ b/ `, \3 ~! \8 Y# c
Jeffrey Voorhees ....Alex M. Kintner' c- ^8 ^! q' ?2 Z+ H7 s- h3 m
Craig Kingsbury ....Ben Gardner, h7 }2 x: y' V" o0 _* D, O
Dr. Robert Nevin ....Medical Examiner4 b4 T, X$ @* b
彼得·本奇利 Peter Benchley ....TV Interviewer
( ^) R# [$ X, v; g3 Z4 Q9 a2 O! O( | Ted Grossman ....Boater `4 I) y* w! u& E* ?
Chris Anastasio ....Out of Towner (uncredited)
2 m9 Q) i7 g4 B* m4 @. O b John Bahr ....Beach Guitarist (uncredited)
6 ]1 P1 y/ {4 X5 }2 } Allison Caine ....Additional Voices (voice) (uncredited)4 W5 P. {0 s3 u* d* U% R8 V
Robert Carroll ....Mr. Polk (uncredited)
" b% ?4 ?3 O% f# g3 u Edward Chalmers Jr. ....Mr. Denherder (uncredited)
8 H s. {6 {; b6 A6 d& _8 `2 r Robert Chambers ....Charlie (uncredited)
6 O) l6 m# ~4 z+ Z, H6 O8 R Denise Cheshire ....First Victim/Swimming Girl (uncredited)8 f$ I5 o+ ?4 @% T7 U9 z
Fritzi Jane Courtney ....Mrs. Taft (uncredited)
- o$ w! m, U. g* |* }7 k1 }# s" w s Cyprian R. Dube ....Mr. Posner (uncredited)) `3 r$ m* U K3 s m
Paul Goulart ....Clarinet Player in Music Store (uncredited)! d6 F$ z, a/ j
Duncan Inches ....Townsperson (uncredited)# C- g- g6 g8 p
Belle McDonald ....Mrs. Posner (uncredited)
8 A7 w4 `& u0 V3 {1 `- w& G- ?' k Donald Poole ....Frank Silva, Harbor Master (uncredited): e& C8 R0 E* V$ t! G9 O
Peggy Scott ....Polly (uncredited)
) P# U9 u/ v5 Z5 v* w Alfred Wilde ....Harry Wiseman (uncredited)! c* r0 O) G0 p* u* u6 V
Dick Young ....Pratt (uncredited)
& s* J- C' ~; E Mike Haydn ....Bonfire Guitarist (uncredited)# B3 V: S' ?5 m5 @
◎简 介9 O! N) v$ z" ]0 ^
v) w& O0 M J/ y 善化镇是个偏僻的海滨小镇,但一到夏季,这里就变得热闹万分,人们都来到这里的浴场度假消闲。现在,旅游旺季又快到了,然而不祥的事却开始笼罩了小镇。一对青年男女去游泳,然而女的却没有再上岸。第二天,巡警发现了她支离破碎的尸体。这是一只鲨鱼的杰作。警察局长马丁下令封闭海滨浴场。但是市长哈瑞却不同意这么做,因为这必然导致今年夏季的收入锐减。他要求不扩大事态,只招集一批人去捕杀鲨鱼。2 O. k& }% E) ` D r& `; u; ?: s
; u3 F) a( s# N. h a, p 得到通知的海洋生物学家布朗来到了镇上,他对市长的作法十分不满。在看到尸体和解剖后,他发现这次出现的不是普通的鲨鱼,而是一条巨大的十分罕见的大白鲨。捕鱼的人很快捉到了一条鲨鱼,哈瑞认为大功告成,但布朗知道这并不是那条杀人的大白鲨,它比之太小了。果然,开放的海滨浴场受到它的袭击,又有两人死于非命,哈瑞一筹莫展。
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+ g; d* y% v" ^ 小镇上出名的捕鱼能手昆特自愿去捕杀这条大白鲨,他不需帮手,不要政府资助,一意只身前往。但马丁与布朗终于说服了他,三人一同出海捕猎杀人鲨。到了远海,抛下水中的肉发出的血腥终于将它引来了,三人将浮桶系上鱼枪刺入它身上,不让它沉下深海。不料,这条鲨鱼的庞大超过了三人的想象,它居然带着四只桶挣脱了控制,沉到水面之下。布朗决定坐在铁笼中到水下去捕捉它,但失败了。鲨鱼开始攻击渔船,它将船撞破,不论什么东西它都吞下肚中,昆特也不幸丧生鱼腹。 6 a# Y0 o) Y+ W& B1 r
' O2 r) [: Z, I7 r1 S 马丁爬到了仅露出水面的桅杆架上,最终用枪击中了鲨鱼口中的氧气罐,爆炸将大白鲨炸成两半。布朗并未死在海中,劫后余生的二人一同离开了这凶险的海区。
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; H0 ~5 w3 L" p1 Z5 rJaws (1975)
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A giant great white shark arrives on the shores of a New England beach resort and wreaks havoc with bloody attacks on swimmers until a part-time sheriff teams up with a marine biologist and an old seafarer to hunt the monster down.
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Starring: Roy Scheider, Robert Shaw, Richard Dreyfuss, Lorraine Gary, Murray Hamilton, Carl Gottlieb# P( f7 u o3 m E5 d
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Director: Steven Spielberg
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Jaws is presented on Blu-ray courtesy of Universal Films with an AVC encoded 1080p transfer in 2.36:1. There is more often than not a coterie of Universal dislikers (some would say Universal bashers) who are eager to get out their virtual scissors to cut any Universal catalog release's transfer to shreds, but they should take this one small statement into account: ]* f. O1 p9 C9 \8 Z+ U, p
The entire restoration process was conducted in conjunction with Steven Spielberg and Amblin Entertainment's post-production team to ensure the integrity of Spielberg's original vision remained intact. Furthermore, Mr. Spielberg himself is well in evidence on the restoration featurette included as a supplement on this Blu-ray speaking without reservation about how good the Blu-ray looks. So, to these Universal nay-sayers, I ask that you please take your complaints to Mr. Spielberg should you recite the usual (and increasingly meaningless) mantra of "too much DNR" and the like, as he in my estimation is better equipped than any of us to know how he wants his film to look. In my hardly ever humble opinion, this is certainly one of the finest high definition presentations of a Universal catalog release we've seen during this centenary year, which many readers of course will say is damning with faint praise. According to the documentation provided with the release as well as the restoration featurette, as much of the original negative that could he harvested was for this transfer, utilizing a wet gate scan that sought to remove as many scratches as possible at that stage of the restoration process. Color timing has been painstakingly balanced throughout the film and contrast has also been dramatically improved. The image is crisp and beautifully detailed. So what about grain and noise reduction, the single most consistent complaints Universal catalog releases are saddled with: as the screencaps clearly show, there is natural fine grain in this transfer. Has it been mitigated somehow? I frankly don't know, but Universal's track record would suggest it may have been, since that tends to be their modus operandi. Does that somehow negate the fact that this transfer bears the approval of Steven Spielberg? I personally don't think so.
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As much attention as image quality typically gets on major Blu-ray releases, for some reason people tend to give the audio quality short shrift a lot of the time. Maybe it's my background as a musician and composer that gets my hackles up about this, but I personally was actually more concerned about the repurposed lossless DTS-HD Master Audio 7.1 track that adorns this new Blu-ray release of Jaws than I was about any suggested "usual" problems with a Universal catalog release's Video. Jaws was released originally with a thrillingly effective mono track (which to Universal's credit is also provided on this Blu-ray courtesy of a DTS 2.0 mix), and I worried about how "tarting up" the original mix would potentially distract from the audio presentation. I needn't have worried. This is very smart repurposing, and if anything tends to be on the cautious side, which is how I personally prefer these repurposed surround mixes. There are certainly wonderful moments of immersion, especially in some of the panicked crowd scenes, but perhaps even more tellingly, in some relatively quieter moments when individual ambient environmental sounds are smartly placed around the sound field. Fidelity is superb and John Williams' towering score sounds magnificent. There's also a new clarity and precision to some of the foley effects (as Spielberg himself points out in the restoration featurette, you can now clearly hear the "dinosaur roar" as the shark meets its fate toward the end of the film).
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◎一句话评论2 f* G! t! S2 g+ a/ |
# O0 V" g* N' E5 Q( N7 ^8 a' f一部由原始恐惧构建而成的精湛惊悚片。
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——《帝国》杂志+ ?+ g7 C' P4 F, I. g- r6 N: _3 k$ c/ E5 f
" f V: H; m t- P2 U一部影响深远的经典之作。
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——第四频道; G' q- p9 L+ Y/ w: `
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% V4 D# D c/ J/ ^3 ~( T( H◎获奖情况0 \* B2 J; W$ X* I
8 u9 i X) `( L' |. U" E; H7 T+ H第48届奥斯卡金像奖(1976) 奥斯卡奖-最佳影片(提名) 理查德·D·扎努克! Z P# O0 y% {/ p( W8 \$ ]
第48届奥斯卡金像奖(1976) 奥斯卡奖-最佳音响 Robert L. Hoyt/ ` Q# K2 d; ^5 _& _! V5 P/ E
第48届奥斯卡金像奖(1976) 奥斯卡奖-最佳电影剪辑 弗娜·菲尔兹' \0 b [ E7 g6 i" {4 I
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◎幕后制作) Q8 k; n3 h( x
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《大白鲨》改编自彼得·本奇利的同名小说,制作人理查德·D·扎努克和大卫·布朗为取得小说改编拍摄权支付了25万美元。本奇利的小说根据发生在 1916年夏季的真实事件创作而成,当时曾有4人在新泽西海岸因鲨鱼袭击丧生。虽然史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格并非是本片导演的最初人选,但两位制作人最终决定和他签约,当时斯皮尔伯格执导的第一部院线片《横冲直撞大逃亡》还未上映,而该片同样由扎努克和布朗担纲制作人。当起初买下改编拍摄权时,两位制作人曾保证要让本奇利完成剧本初稿,在决定退出之前,本奇利已经完成了第三稿剧本。不过制作人和斯皮尔伯格都对剧本非常不满,于是找来了托尼奖及普利策奖得主霍华德·塞克勒。斯皮尔伯格后来还曾向编剧卡尔·哥特列布征求意见,后者在影片开拍后重写了大多数场景,而约翰·米利厄斯则负责润色对白。虽然片中昆特关于印第安纳波利斯号巡洋舰的独白该归功于谁曾引发争议,但斯皮尔伯格巧妙的将其称作是米利厄斯、塞克勒和演员罗伯特·肖的合作产物。
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影片剧组共制作了3条机械鲨鱼:一条是完整模型,用于拍摄水下镜头;其余两条则分别暴露出两侧内部的机械结构,用于拍摄侧面镜头。整个制作过程由影片艺术指导乔·阿尔夫斯和特效技师鲍勃·麦特伊(Bob Mattey)负责监督,完工之后,所有模型被运到拍摄地,由于从未下水测试,所以完整模型一下水便沉入了海底,后来剧组求助于潜水员才将其打捞上岸。
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9 o1 j3 R' g- h" q 影片外景在马萨诸塞州的玛莎葡萄岛拍摄完成,当地海床含沙量很高,便于稳定操作机械鲨鱼。尽管如此,影片拍摄仍然麻烦不断,导致拍摄预算严重超支。拍摄海上场景时,往往会有帆船闯入画面、摄影机被打湿、船只下沉等意外情况,所以拍摄进度一再延误。机械鲨鱼也经常出故障,因为海水会腐蚀内部零件。不过,拍摄进度的延误也对影片起到了积极作用:漫长的拍摄周期让主创人员有时间不断完善剧本;而故障频出的机械鲨鱼更迫使斯皮尔伯格不得不采用大量暗示手法。比如片中多用漂浮不定的黄色浮筒来表现猎鲨场景,这种被动的局限无疑增强了悬念,影片由此被赋予了希区柯克式的风格。: J* W* ]8 q) I
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片中胡珀在沉船残骸中发现又一具尸体的场景是在影片试映后补拍的,斯皮尔伯格希望再让观众惊呼一次,于是自己出资3000美元拍摄了这段场景。片中出现真鲨鱼的画面由澳大利亚鲨鱼及潜水专家拍摄,为了衬托出鲨鱼的巨大体形,剧组使用了一只微缩鲨笼,让侏儒演员置身其中。按照剧本原有的情节设置,鲨鱼将杀死鲨笼中的胡珀,但在拍摄期间,一条被鲨笼围栏困住的鲨鱼撕碎了鲨笼,值得庆幸的是,当时鲨笼中没有演员,经历了这次有惊无险之后,主创人员决定让胡珀幸存下来。- i5 `8 w2 y" }" a+ }
& C0 a7 K: [7 w2 |0 ^# x9 |0 V 《大白鲨》是应用“大规模上映”发行概念的第一部电影,所以它在电影发行史上具有划时代意义。在《大白鲨》上映之前,所有电影的公映过程都相当迟缓,发行商通常先在大城市的部分影院上映,如果影片票房不错,发行商才会在更多城市大规模上映。1975年6月20日,《大白鲨》在全国406家影院同时上映,这在当时可谓盛况空前,发行方明显下对了赌注,因为该片一举创下了1亿美元的票房纪录。到7月25日,放映《大白鲨》的影院已增至675家。最终,影片的全球票房高达4亿7000万,这一纪录直到两年后才被《星球大战》打破。0 @! v' O4 I' A1 E H: W" d& o: |
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·在试制期间,导演史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格,随同而来的还有好友马丁·斯科塞斯、乔治·卢卡斯和约翰·米里乌斯,他们一起参了特效工作室。著名的大鲨鱼布鲁斯正在建造当中。卢卡斯想看清楚它是如何运行的,就把自己的头伸进鲨鱼的嘴巴里。为了开玩笑,米里乌斯和斯皮尔伯格悄悄留进操作间把鲨鱼的嘴巴关上,卢卡斯的脑袋卡在了里面。然而,很不幸的是,仿佛是为了应验制造过程中将会遇到的技术上的问题一样,大鲨鱼出故障了,卢卡斯一直被大鲨鱼含在口里。当斯皮尔伯格和米里乌斯最终把他解救下来的时候,三个男人火速逃离了工作室,唯恐他们会把毁坏产品的罪过降落在自己头上。4 X4 F: L6 I5 d1 N0 f- g0 G% ~& \
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·虽然对外宣称在影片中不用大牌明星,斯皮尔伯格还是考虑过请李·马文出演昆特。马文对于他的好意表示感谢但还是说与其答应不如去钓鱼。
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·除了众人皆知的大鲨鱼绰号布鲁斯之外,当史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格因为这个机械制造的大鱼感到恼羞成怒时,就把它称之为“巨型的白色人渣”(the great white turd)。
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" l' Q, e( f. y# |( }$ C·在最近的一本传记中斯皮尔伯格提到在电影拍摄期间得到了罗伯特·杜瓦尔的极大鼓励。为了回报,斯皮尔伯格想在电影中给他一个角色,但他拒绝了,因为不想让自己的名气变得太大了。% C: o2 {; Z @' {: w
0 [8 ^# P' L) y# V# m ~·昆特的船库建在玛撒的葡萄园一个荒废的空地上。城市理事会要求影片制片方签署一则协议,承诺电影拍摄完,会拆毁它,并对所有的碎片当成垃圾进行妥善处理。
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. O' L: z4 b' ~9 s0 `$ g4 U; j4 g·当试映观众看到在船底部的漏洞里出现一个被鲨鱼咬死的牺牲者的头颅时,发出了尖叫。导演史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格在剪辑师弗娜·菲尔德家的游泳池里重新拍摄了这一场景。因为他想让观众“更大声地尖叫”。
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3 _! T$ w" }6 T2 e& ^. p1 u+ S·影片中布洛迪的狗实际上是斯蒂文·斯皮尔伯格自己的爱犬。' ^) g8 `$ ?0 ~' t
$ d w' @" s* K" T- B·作曲者约翰·威廉姆斯,在1976年奥斯卡颁奖晚会上,担任现场乐队指挥。当宣布他赢得了奥斯卡最佳音乐奖时,他必须跑出指挥台去领奖,然后再回到原位继续指挥乐队。
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·史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格对电影最担心的,不是机械制的鲨鱼的外形或者是表演,而是摄影机被岛上的美景吸引住,抢了影片的风光。
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·根据本片的记录片可知,夜晚场景中,布洛迪装好他的左轮手枪向天空中的星星射击这段,完全是真实的,并没有经过光学效果处理。3 c \, y. u+ l8 X6 i+ ]
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·第一个签约的演员是扮演艾伦·布洛迪的洛林·加里。史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格定下她的原因是,看了她在电视剧《鬼头神探》The " r) H" y0 |) H! l7 c9 E
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Marcus-Nelson Murders (1973)中的演出后,认为她的表演十分自然。4 v& D' N, O& B% \3 U" U
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